I take a very broad view of fallacies. Any trick of logic or language
which allows a statement or a claim to be passed off as
something it is not has an admission card to the enclosure
reserved for fallacies. Very often it is the case that what appears
to be a supporting argument for a particular contention does not
support it at all. Sometimes it might be a deduction drawn from
evidence which does not sustain it.
Many of the fallacies are committed by people genuinely
ignorant of logical reasoning, the nature of evidence, or what
counts as relevant material. Others, however, might be committed
by persons bent on deception. If there is insufficient force
behind the argument and the evidence, fallacies can add enough
weight to carry them through.